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<span>Polsby and Wildavsky’s classic text argues that the institutional rules of the presidential nomination and election processes, in combination with the behavior of the mass electorate, structure the strategic choices faced by politicians in powerful and foreseeable ways.</span>

<span>Tables, Figures, and Boxes</span>
<span><br></span>
<span>Preface</span>
<span><br><br></span>
<span>PART I. THE STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENT</span>
<span><br><br></span>
<span>1. VOTERS</span>
<span><br>Why People Don’t Vote<br>Why People Do Vote: A Theory of Social Connectedness<br>Party Identification as Social Identity<br>Parties as Aggregates of Loyal Voters<br>Ideologies, Issues, and National Conditions in the Minds of Voters<br>Changes in Party Identification: Social Habit versus Contemporary Evaluation<br>A Central Strategic Problem: The Attentiveness of Voters<br><br></span>
<span>2. GROUPS</span>
<span><br>The Presidential Vote as an Aggregation of Interest Groups<br>Variations among Interest Groups<br>“Special” Interests, Campaign Spending, and Public Interest Groups<br>Political Parties as Organizations<br>Third Parties<br><br></span>
<span>3. RULES AND RESOURCES</span>
<span><br>Rules: The Electoral College<br>Thinking About Resources<br>Resources: Money<br></span>
<span>The Beverly Hills Primary</span>
<span><br></span>
<span>Campaign Finance in Presidential Primaries</span>
<span><br></span>
<span>Raising and Spending Money in the General Election</span>
<span><br></span>
<span>Does Money Buy Elections?</span>
<span><br></span>
<span>Campaign Finance Reform</span>
<span><br>Resources: Control over Information<br></span>
<span>Newspapers</span>
<span><br></span>
<span>Television</span>
<span><br></span>
<span>Internet Media</span>
<span><br>Incumbency as a Resource: The Presidency<br>Incumbency as a Liability: The Vice Presidency<br>The Balance of Resources<br><br></span>
<span>PART II. SEQUENCES</span>
<span><br><br></span>
<span>4. THE NOMINATION PROCESS</span>
<span><br>Before the Voting Begins: The “Invisible Primary”<br><a><span>Iowa and New Hampshire: First in the Nation</span></a></span>
<span><br></span>
<span>1972</span>
<span><br></span>
<span>1976</span>
<span><br></span>
<span>1992</span>
<span><br></span>
<span>2004</span>
<span><br></span>
<span>2008</span>
<span><br></span>
<span>2012</span>
<span><br></span>
<span>2016</span>
<span><br>What Do These Historical Vignettes Teach?<br>State Primaries<br>State Caucuses<br>Delegate Allocation<br>Superdelegates<br>The National Party Conventions<br>Party Delegates at the Conventions<br>The Convention as Advertising<br>The Vice Presidential Nominee<br>The Future of National Conventions<br><br></span>
<span>5. THE CAMPAIGN</span>
<span><br>The Well-Traveled Candidates<br>Persuading Voters<br></span>
<span>Economic Policy and Performance</span>
<span><br></span>
<span>Foreign Policy and Performance</span>
<span><br></span>
<span>Social Issues and the “Culture War”</span>
<span><br></span>
<span>Presentation of Self</span>
<span><br></span>
<span>Negative Campaigning</span>
<span><br>Getting Good Press<br>Campaign Professionals<br></span>
<span>Policy Advisers</span>
<span><br></span>
<span>Polling</span>
<span><br></span>
<span>Focus Groups</span>
<span><br></span>
<span>Television Advertising</span>
<span><br></span>
<span>New Media</span>
<span><br>Televised Debates<br>Getting Out the Vote<br>Campaign Blunders<br>Forecasting the Outcome<br>Counting the Vote<br><br></span>
<span>PART III. ISSUES</span>
<span><br><br></span>
<span>6. APPRAISALS</span>
<span><br>Reform upon Reform<br>The Political Theory of Policy Government<br>Reform by Means of Participatory Democracy<br>Some Specific Reforms<br></span>
<span>The Nomination Process</span>
<span><br></span>
<span>The Decline of the National Convention</span>
<span><br></span>
<span>The Electoral College</span>
<span><br>Party Platforms and Party Differences<br><br></span>
<span>7. AMERICAN PARTIES AND DEMOCRACY</span>
<span><br>Elections and Public Policy<br>Parties of Advocacy versus Parties of Intermediation<br><br></span>
<span>APPENDIXES</span>
<span><br>A. Vote by Groups in Presidential Elections, 1984–2016<br>B. Voter Turnout in Presidential Elections, by Population Characteristics, 1984–2016<br>C. Selections from the Democratic and Republican Party Platforms, 2016<br><br></span>
<span>Notes</span>
<span><br></span>
<span>Index</span>

<span>Steven E. Schier</span>
<span> is Dorothy H. and Edward C. Congdon Professor of Political Science at Carleton College. He is the author or editor of 13 books including </span>
<span>The Trump Presidency: Outsider in the Oval Office</span>
<span> (2017) and </span>
<span>Polarized: The Rise of Ideology in American Politics</span>
<span> (2015), both with R&amp;L.</span>
<br>
<br>
<p><span>David A. Hopkins</span><span> is associate professor of political science at Boston College. His research and teaching interests include American political parties and elections, the U.S. Congress, voting behavior, public opinion, and research methods. He is the author of</span><span> Red Fighting Blue: How Geography and Electoral Rules Polarize American Politics</span><span> (Cambridge University Press, 2017), and </span><span>Asymmetric Politics: Ideological Republicans and Group Interest Democrats</span><span> (Oxford University Press, 2016).<br><br></span><span>Nelson W. Polsby</span><span> was Heller Professor of Political Science and past Director of the Institute of Governmental Studies at the University of California, Berkeley, where he taught American politics for forty years.</span><br><br><span>Aaron Wildavsky</span><span> was Class of 1940 Professor of Political Science and Public Policy at the University of California, Berkeley, and founding dean of Berkeley's Graduate (now Goldman) School of Public Policy.</span><br><br></p>
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